Hamlet Lecture 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hamlet Lecture 1 - Essay Example The watchmen sense that there is something of significance in the appearance of the ghost of the late king; therefore they inform Hamlet about it, who immediately decides to find out the purpose of the appearance of his father’s ghost. Claudius announces his marriage to the Queen within two months of Hamlet’s father’s death. He justifies the urgency of his decision by saying that the kingdom is in a war-like state; therefore, he had to take this step in the interest of his people, and to send a strong message to the enemy that they are still strong. â€Å"With mirth in funeral, and with dirge in marriage.† (Shakespeare 1; ii, 12) The language in Hamlet, as in other plays by Shakespeare is used as a tool to create dramatic effects. Symbolism and imagery play a very important role in narrating the dramatic effects and characterization. The purpose of speech or dialogue is not only to express inner feelings but to draw a live and vivid picture in the minds of the readers or the audience about the characters and the plot of the play. When Hamlet awaits the ghost of his father, he proclaims: â€Å"The air bites shrewdly; it is very cold.† (1; iv, 1) The ghost commands him to take revenge of his murder from his uncle, Claudius the king. He also instructs Hamlet not to harm his mother, and let Fate deal with her. Hamlet promises the ghost of his father: â€Å"Haste me to know't, that I, with wings as swift / As meditation or the thoughts of love, / May sweep to my revenge.† (35) This is a very important pledge of Hamlet upon which his life and the purpose of his life depend. Unfortunately, failure to fulfil his promise on time will lead to his tragic death. As the play shall progress, we shall see that there is an internal war being waged in the mind and soul of Hamlet. However, he could not decide how to go about things and delays the matter. During the course of procrastination, he delves deeper and deeper into madness. His madness has actually resulted from rage, disbelief, sorrow, melancholy, and his inability to take action. He wants to die and put an end to his life; he realizes that Fate has put him in a very complex situation by assigning the responsibility of avenging his father. He finds it extremely difficult to decide the course of his actions and keeps on delaying his decision. His soliloquies are a manifestation of his melancholy, despair and philosophical nature. â€Å"O cursed spite, / That ever I was born to set it right!† (1; v, 209-210) The dialogues between the King, the Queen and Hamlet are full of under tones. Hamlet is sarcastic- â€Å"Good mother† means just the opposite. He is the only person who has not recovered from the death of this father. The grief is obvious in his appearance. The concept of â€Å"play within play† is introduced in this scene; as Hamlet says to his mother: â€Å"These indeed seem, / For these are actions that a man might play.† (1; ii, 86-87) Hamlet is gradually descending in the state of madness. He has started doubting his relationship with Ophelia and even his friends sense that he has lately not been himself. â€Å"And yet to me what is this quintessence/ of dust? Man delights not me—no, nor woman neither.† (II;ii, 312-313). Hamlet is also highly aware of the voice of conscience. He plans to stage a play depicting the characters of his mother, his father and Claudius. He does so in order to awaken the conscience of his uncle and is quite successful in it because Claudius gets deeply

The Definition of Success Essay Example for Free

The Definition of Success Essay Success The American Dream is a large house, a speedy car, and financial freedom. For some, it includes a boat, a RV, and a cottage by the lake. However, another definition of success doesn’t list any of these. Success does not have anything to do with material goods but is rather tied to broader concepts. One measure of success is how happy a person is. For some people, they might feel their happiest when they have luxurious items. However, this is not universally true and is consequently not a true measure of success. Happiness for most people is a happy and loving family. If this is someone’s definition of success, then their family is what defines their success. For some, this success might mean trying new things and a lifestyle that supports it. Success is tied in with happiness because they are both highly subjective. Health can also be considered a defining factor in success. People feel unsuccessful if they, or someone they love, are not healthy. For instance, can father feel successful if his child is ill? This is why doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and hospitals are so important. Not only do they allow people to live longer, but they also allow people to feel successful in their life. Finally, success can mean overcoming hardships. No one likes hard and rough times with tears and pain. Someone who has come through the pain often feels like he or she has accomplished something. An individual that has overcome an obstacle achieves a measure of success. As David Brinkley has stated, a man can be proud if he has laid â€Å"a firm foundation with the bricks others have thrown at him.† The most valuable lessons can come from failures. Like Dale Carnegie said, â€Å"Discouragement and failure are two of the surest stepping stones to success.† And who could understand the meaning of success if they did not experience disappointment? Light would not exist without darkness and success would not be truly achieved without failure. But we all hope that this failure is only temporary. People want to achieve success and make plans to reach it. However, with a  narrow interpretation of success, many people have no chance of finding it. They will continue to find themselves going the wrong way, missing out on opportunities, and happy moments along the way.

Characterization of Rachel Through the Use of Literary Techniques in Ci

Characterization of Rachel Through the Use of Literary Techniques in Cisneros’ Eleven Sandra Cisneros writes a memoir through the eyes of an eleven year old. Turning eleven happens to be a tragic day for the main character, Rachel. Through various literary techniques such as hyperbole, simile, and syntax, Rachel is characterized. Rachel is a fresh turning eleven year old who finds herself in an awful situation on her birthday. Forced to wear a raggedy old sweater that doesn’t belong to her, she makes it defiantly clear her feelings towards the clothing item, and we see this through use of hyperboles. Rachel describes the sweater as ugly and too â€Å"stretched out like you could use it for a jump rope.† This extreme exaggeration demonstrates the fire within Rachel. She is a defiant and pouty little girl who out of stubbornness has to defy the sweater in her mind. â€Å"It’s maybe a thousand years old†, she says to herself in act to degrade the filthy red sweater even more. The sweater to Rachel has become an eternal battle of ages. She is t orn on whether or not to stand up and act bigger th...

Analysis of Dostoevsky and Nietzsches Literature Essay -- Psychology

Analysis of Dostoevsky and Nietzsche's Literature   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Friedrich Nietzsche once said, â€Å"Dostoevsky, the only one who has taught me anything about psychology.† The two writers share many similarities and differences. Dostoevsky clearly had an effect on the thinking of Nietzsche. The two would be considered both philosophers and psychologists. Both writers became prominent in the late 19th century in Germany and Russia respectively. Dostoevsky was noted for his Russian literary classics and would be responsible for a flowering of late 19th century Russian literary culture. His Russian contemporaries include Leo Tostoy and Anton Chekov. Dostoevsky’s most famous works include The Brothers Karamozov, The Idiot, and Crime and Punishment. Nietzsche is most famous for his philosophical works such as thus spoke Zarathustra. The two writers have many similarities in their philosophy. They both see a changing role in religion. Nietzsche and Dostoevsky also differ sharply on some other aspects of life. One of t hese being the differing views on the role of the fatherland. Nietzsche’s beyond good and evil and Dostoevsky’s crime and punishment are two works that can be compared and contrasted to show the similarities and dissimilarities of the two geniuses. The two men offer great insights in these books on morality and the affect it can have on the actions of the individual and the society as a whole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dostoevsky’s crime and punishment, is set in Tsarist Russia in the 19th century. Rodya Raskolnikov, the main character, is a student at a University in St. Petersburg. By the early stages of the novel, he has dropped out of school and is left in his one room shanty, to ponder his own philosophical questions. He is poor, hungry and desperate for money. He begins to sell some of his possessions to a pawnbroker, Alyona Ivanovna, to gain money for his basic survival. He begins to see the poverty and desperation of St. Petersburg at this time. Rodya would begin to look at Alyona as a source of this problem. Alyona, in Rodya’s eyes, was profiting off of the poverty and misery of others by buying off their possession at unreasonably low prices. She would then horde the money for herself while the people outside of her own apartment starved to death. Raskolnikov decides to murder the pawnbroker for the sake of humanity. His plan is not deeply thought out in advance and i... ...th and Russian nationalism. Rodya is a testament to what may go wrong with the morality of the superman. Rodya is also a symbol of someone who does not follow Nietzsche’s path to becoming a superman and this is reason alone for his failure. The two writers are an ominous prediction of what was to come in Europe. For Dostoevsky, Russia did become a global powerhouse with the creation of the Soviet Union. For Nietzsche, man partially left behind Christianity. Christianity did lose a great amount of power with the creation of a more secular society. Papal authority battles state authority and it is papal doctrine that seems to be coming up on the shorthand of this battle. Nietzsche’s sentiments were echoed after the two world wars. His philosophy was the harbinger of existentialism. 20th century philosophers like Jean-Paul Sartre compounded many of Nietzsche’s ideas. It is clear from crime and punishment as well as beyond good and evil that Nietzsche and Dostoev sky share many views while on others they could not be more rigidly divided. In all, one fact remains. These two great men continue to have a resounding affect on European and global culture, whether society likes it or not.

Of Mice and Men Curley’s Wife

mice When John Steinbeck wrote of mice and men, he showed there was a lot of inequality during the 1930’s. This essay shall attempt to portray the inequality of women in Steinbeck’s novel. George the main character of the story, first sets his eyes on Curley’s wife, his initial impression of her is that he has â€Å"never seen no piece of jail bait worse than her† (Steinbeck 2006 p36). In the novel Curley’s wife is a beautiful woman who constantly shows her beauty to the men on the ranch. She dresses inappropriately for a woman married to the boss’s son. She had full, roughed lips and wide spaced eyes, her fingernails are red and her hair hangs in little rolled clusters, like sausages†. (p34 Steinbeck 2006). Curley’s wife always wanders around the ranch in search for someone to talk to. However, the ranch workers stay wary of her as they believe she will only give them trouble. Curley’s wife is isolated, self absorbed and a dreamer. Curley doesn’t seem to have any respect for his wife at all, Candy tells George (Steinbeck p30) why Curley wears only one glove on his hand which is soaked in Vaseline so it is kept soft for his wife and George finds this disgusting. This is degrading to her as she is just there for his pleasure. She is just a wife who is a trophy to show off hence the saying ‘trophy wife’. Dreams are heavily involved in this book. Like many characters in the book, Curley’s wife also has a dream. She dreams of being a film star. She appears to be trying to get the men into trouble but her dreams and frustrations show that she is lonely like the other people on the ranch. She hated her upbringing, so when a guy told her she had the potential to be a movie star and he would be in touch, finally she found a way out. However, being a young naive girl like she was, she fell for his story and she never heard or even saw the guy again. Instead of Hollywood and all its glam, she ended up marrying young and getting trapped on the ranch. Being the only woman there and no one to talk to makes you emphasise with her and soften towards her and feel her loneliness. Curley is not interested in her dream and there is only one person she tells her dream to and that is Lennie. I think she tells ennie because she knows he doesn’t comprehend what’s going on and it goes through one ear and out the other but at least she’s telling somebody her dream even if they don’t quite understand but ironically the one person she tells is the same person who takes it away for good. John Steinbeck makes very good use of dreams throughout the novel. Each character is shown to have greater depth than we might have expected and we are able to see how lonely and disappointed their lives are through the quite humble ambitions that they have. The men seem to want security in their lives whereas Curley’s wife wants to escape from the boredom and lonesomeness that surrounds her and get rid of the title ‘Curley’s wife’. Although Curley's wife may be considered static, she does not change throughout the novel Curley's wife is essential to the plot. Therefore, she is not simply â€Å"unnamed† because she is unimportant. Curley's wife is unnamed for several reasons. She is first and for most not worthy of a name. A name implies that a relationship can exist. Curley's wife is not capable of a relationship; she is not worthy. With a name also comes identification and familiarity. If we were to feel any sort of empathy for Curley's wife, we may not understand or appreciate Lennie's role in her death. We may actually care that she is dead. There is also the historical role of women in society. As a writer of social issues, Steinbeck wants the reader to recognize the inferior role of women in the world. The lack of name demotes Curley's wife to insignificant status. She is not as important as the men in the story. Curley’s wife is very flirtatious. In fact she is so flirtatious that the farmers refer to her as ‘having the eye’. The men see her in the ranch as the cause of many problems like her husband’s short heated attitude and the fear that they will be sacked. But as the story is about to reach its climax, she begins to add more complexity to her own character by letting Lennie in on her dreams, what she is all about. Here she reveals that she doesn’t have the eye at all but she is just lonely. She says that she dislikes Curley because he is always annoyed and so she comes around the farm to get away and find someone that she can talk to. In this conversation with Lennie she tells him the dream that she had for herself. She dreamed of becoming a famous actress and she would have wanted to live in Hollywood. But just like many of the other characters her dream went unrealised. So instead of being an actress living a glamorous life in Hollywood, she is stuck living in a ranch with a husband that she really doesn’t like, living in a ranch full of loneliness not havin

Web 2.0 Platform Facebook

Web 2.0 Platform Facebook The Internet has made the world to become a small place because it provides a platform for people to interact and do business. There are so many websites that have been developed for purposes of interconnecting people using Web 2.0 technology, and they include Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace, among several others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Web 2.0 Platform: Facebook specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Facebook is the most popular social networking site, and this is evidenced by the number of users that continue to increase every day. When in Facebook one can find a friend, job and many other things. Therefore, this paper focuses on how Facebook has influenced people’s lives. Importance of Facebook Almost everyone is talking about Facebook because on this site one can trace his/her childhood friends and get new ones. Popoola (2011) argues that the main reason why many people prefer to use this social media to communicate is because it is cheap and convenient. This is because Facebook is not like mobile phones that require to credit, which is perceived to be very costly. In fact, all that one need is a computer that is connected to the Internet or an Internet enabled mobile phone. The popularity of this social network has made many people to seek for literacy in the use of computers because everyone, whether old or young, wants to move as the world moves. Anderson (2007) explains that before the coming of social networking sites such as Facebook, people used to communicate through the mobile phones and letters, which were very expensive and unreliable. Facebook provides information about people by displaying individual details of every user, which is useful for security purposes. When on Facebook, one befriends the people he/she likes by looking at their profile information, but then the person that is being requested for friendship has to confirm that he/she is known to the person makin g the request.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Communication is made possible on Facebook through an electronic mailing service that allows users to send and receive messages. Alternatively, users can chat in real-time through a chat utility integrated in Facebook. According to Bronk (2008), Facebook has helped to retain their friends, unlike before when many friendships ended as people went their different ways after going through the education system. On Facebook, people are not required to meet physically because they can interact virtually, just like they would if they were in close vicinity. Friendships are based on interests and this has led to the rise of cross cultural interactions. In such a case, interaction is not biased because the users can befriend anyone regardless of race or gender. Uses of Facebook Facebook is informative because users are abl e to update one another on what is happening in different parts of the world. Many users are using the platform to express themselves through the status updates that are posted regularly. For instance, activists have continued to use Facebook to express their grievances. In countries like Egypt, the government disabled the Internet because the revolution against the government was perceived to be coordinated through Facebook. By barring people from accessing the Internet, the Egyptian government was able to control the revolution, but that was not enough. This is because the stage for protesting against the government was already set. Politicians too have changed the way they conduct their campaigns. This is because holding political rallies has many disadvantages: they could be met with a lot of hostility, and the amount of money spent on fueling their vehicles is extremely expensive (Fox, 2009). Politicians have therefore embraced Facebook by staging their campaigns on the site be cause they are assured that their message will reach many people and will not be blocked in anyway. Once a user has posted something on the wall, it cannot be manipulated in anyway like in the posters that can easily be tainted or torn into pieces.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Web 2.0 Platform: Facebook specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More But this has not hindered politicians from holding rallies on the ground because by having alternatives of reaching their target audience their chances of success become broadened. In essence, Facebook is a useful tool especially to political aspirants who do not have all the money to go around. Business people and companies also benefit from the capability of Facebook. For anyone who wishes to market his/her goods and services, Facebook is the ideal platform for advertising. This is because it is cheap and efficient, unlike other methods of marketing. Facebook has many users who r eside in various parts of the world, and it is ideal for companies that wish to expand their businesses. Greenstein (2009) argues that the popularity of Facebook has made many companies to include a link to the site in their websites. In addition, there are many companies that advertise their jobs through Facebook and thus, it is a useful tool for jobseekers and employers. Most companies use the site to conduct surveys about their products and services. This is cost effective because it would be very expensive to hire another party to conduct the survey. Moreover, the awards that are issued nowadays are influenced on the polls that take place on the social network. Facebook has become a tool in decision making processes in most companies. This is because there are many employees who have been sacked because of the comments they posted on Facebook. Hawkins (n.d.) states that employers use social networking sites to track what their employees are doing and that way they are able to te ll about the personality of their employees. There are some employers who argue that Facebook has been contributing to their company’s decline in performance. They further explain that their employees sneak into the social network and leave their duties unattended.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, Facebook is identified as one element that fosters unity in today’s world. This is because people are able to communicate from different parts of the world without the barrier of their cultural differences. Perhaps this is because Facebook allows people to communicate in their interactive languages, thus eliminating the problem of language barrier the users are only present virtually and none of the communicating parties can identify any weaknesses in the other person, and judgments can only be made by the comments one posts on the wall. Similarly, Facebook has enabled many people to find marriage partners. According to Lecky-Thompson (2009) there are so many people who are in successful marriages, owing to their interactions on Facebook. However, there are many marriages that have been ruined by this social site. This is because most couples fight and argue about the comments made by one of them, especially towards opposite sex. The only problem here is that someo ne can put somebody else’s picture and thus, hide their image. Criticism A major drawback of Facebook is that it is difficult to understand someone’s character while interacting with them on the social network. There are also criminals who use the site to trap unsuspecting users and later holding them as hostages and sometimes end up killing them. However, people are encouraged to meet strangers in public places to know the person much more. Facebook enables users to establish their own social circles called groups. These groups are formed by people who share common interests such assisting each other in the time of need (Lecky-Thompson, 2009). The children are also affected by Facebook, and this has caused their performance in school to decline. Most teachers are complaining about Facebook because they say that learners have become obsessed with it such that they finish their homework in a rush, just to please the teacher. Children are now spending most of their time chatting with their friends on the social network such that they don not have time to play constructive games like soccer, which plays a major role in making them creative and discovering their talents early enough. However, to others, Facebook is their source of consolation because when they are annoyed, they pour it out on the network. There are many people who pass their time by just chatting or playing games on the site for the sake of avoiding boredom. Siegler (2009) argues that the emergence of social networking sites such as Facebook is trying to bring the world together in an effort to seal the gap that was left by modernization where everyone had to go his way in search of livelihood. Today everyone belongs to a social network because they are many and one can join and leave at their own pleasure. It is surprising to find that everyone is busy such that even parents don not have time for their children and some use the social network to interact with their children while th ey are away from home. This is much better than having no time at all. Likewise, smart teachers make good use of Facebook to communicate with their learners about the lessons that require detailed explanations. Some even go a step ahead to post the assignment on the site. Sometimes, professionals use Facebook to share information, which makes their work easier because when they are more knowledgeable they can solve issues much faster. Since most people are obsessed with Facebook, they are not able to work on their interpersonal skills on face-face basis. This is because Facebook enables people to express themselves without feeling ashamed, which is beneficial to poor communicators. Conclusion Currently, Facebook is the most popular social networking site that uses Web 2.0 technology, and is useful in creating awareness. The site is used frequently as an exhibit of crime where some people were found on the wrong side of the law, such as displaying explicit pictures. In some countries the site is used to spread hate speech among ethnic communities. In such a case the government of the concerned country has had to monitor the statements posted on the site so that situations leading to civil unrest can be avoided. Similarly, there has been a problem of hackers who manipulate users profile and pose as those individuals. However, Facebook management has put safety measures in place so that the details that can be accessed by a user are limited according to specifications of the user. References Anderson, T. (2007). Web 2.0 and New Media Definitions. NewCommBiz.com. Retrieved from newcommbiz.com/web-20-and-new-media-definitions/ Bronk, C. (2008, April 2). Convergence and Connectivity: 1 of 2. YouTube. Podcast retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/ Fox, P. (2009). Friends and Neighbors. Guardian.co.uk. Retrieved from guardian.co.uk/society/joepublic/2009/feb/03/communities-social-networking Greenstein, H. (2009). Facebook pages vs Facebook groups: What’s the D ifference? Retrieved from http://mashable.com/2009/05/27/facebook-page-vs-group/ Hawkins, K. (n.d.). What is a Social Networking Site? Retrieved from wisegeek.com/what-is-a-social-networking-site.htm Lecky-Thompson, G. (2009). Facebook: Good or Bad for Communication. Retrieved from suite101.com/content/facebook-good-or-bad-for-communication-a121387 Popoola, J. (2011). What are the Effects of Social Networking Websites? Ezine Articles. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles.com/?What-Are-the-Effects-of-Social-Networking-Websites?id=1030141 Siegler, M. (2009). Location is the Missing link between Social Networks and the Real World. Retrieved from http://techcrunch.com/2009/11/18/location-is-the-missing-link-between-social-networks-and-the-real-world/

Transformation of the Ancient Greece Art

Transformation of the Ancient Greece Art In the course of its history, the culture of Ancient Greece underwent significant transformation. This paper is aimed at discussing these changes by looking at art. In particular, it is necessary to focus on sculptural works that were created between the years 650 and 100 before the Common Era.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Transformation of the Ancient Greece Art specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These artworks can throw light on the development of Greek art during that period. To some extent, this development could be prompted by international relations of the Greek cities and the philosophical values which emerged in this culture. These are the main factors that should be taken into account. At first, it is necessary to examine the sculptural works which belong to the archaic period of the Greek culture. In particular, one can mention such artworks as Kleobis and Biton, Dipylon Kouros, and the Moschophoros[1]. Th ey were created during the period 600 and 570 BCE. At that time, Greek sculptors were influenced by the styles and techniques developed in Egypt and the Near East[2]. For example, the hairdo of the people depicted by sculptors suggests that they could familiar with the culture of Ancient Persia. The viewers can see that the sculptures have anthropomorphic features. In other words, they resemble a human being. Nevertheless, the gender distinctions are not emphasized by the authors. This argument is particularly relevant if one speaks about such a sculpture as the Moschophoros. Overall, these artworks represent the archaic period of the Greek art. In contrast, one can look at the sculptures created during the classical period. In particular, one can look at such examples as Diadumenos by Polyclitus, Artemision Bronze, or Venus Braschi[3]. It is possible to identify several differences in comparison with the previous group. First of all, the sculptors tried to portray subjects in a mor e realistic manner. For example, gender distinctions are clearly visible. Moreover, the artists depicted people in different poses which are rather naturalistic. Yet, the most important aspect is that the authors tried to present an idealized image of a human body.[4] This is probably the main distinction of these artworks since these sculptures set the standards of physical beauty. These transformations could have been caused by several important factors. In particular, one can mention the Greco-Persian Wars which started in 499. These international conflicts significantly diminished the influence of Persian culture on Greece. The techniques that one can see in the sculptures of the Archaic Period were rejected.Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, the political culture and philosophy of that period set stress on such aspects as human dignity, liberty, and freedom. This is o ne of the reasons why sculptors tried to create an idealized image of a human being[5]. Therefore, it is possible to say that the transformation of political ideology and philosophy gave rise to artistic changes. These are the main issues that can be identified. This discussion indicates at several important issues. First of all, Greek sculptors tended to imitate the examples and techniques developed in the Near East and Egypt. In this case, one should focus on the works of the archaic period. However, this trend declined after the changes in the political and intellectual life of Ancient Greece, especially the growing value of human life. This trends prompted sculptors to portray people in an idealized way. Therefore, one can argue that art is closely related to social and political life in the community. Appendixes Picture 1: Kleobis and Biton Picture 2: Dipylon Kouros Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Transformation of the Ancient Greece Art specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Picture 3 Moschophoros (Hurwit 27) Picture 4: Diadumenos by Polyclitus Picture 5: Artemision Bronze Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Picture 6: Venus Braschi (Sacks 51) Gardner, Helen, and Fred Kleiner. Gardners Art Through the Ages: A Global History, New York: Cengage Learning, 2012. Print. Hurwit, John. The Art and Culture of Early Greece: 1100-480 B. C, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988. Print. Sacks, David. Encyclopedia of the Ancient Greek World, New York: Infobase Publishing, 2009. Print. Footnotes Please, refer to the Appendixes, Pictures 1, 2, and 3 Hurwit, John. The Art and Culture of Early Greece: 1100-480 B. C ( Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988) 27. Appendixes, Pictures 4. 5, and 6. Sacks, David. Encyclopedia of the Ancient Greek World, ( New York: Infobase Publishing, 2009) 51. Gardner, Helen, and Fred Kleiner. Gardners Art Through the Ages: A Global History (New York: Cengage Learning, 2012) 122.

How to Get Into Columbia 3 Key Tips

How to Get Into Columbia 3 Key Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Columbia University is a prestigious school, not just because of its low acceptance rate or high starting salary for graduates. It’s one of the oldest colleges in the US, and has had huge numbers of well-known graduates, including Founding Fathers, famous directors, and politicians. Like any Ivy League, Columbia is a place for both education and networking, creating a solid foundation and social circle for your future career. But first, you have to know how to get into Columbia. And with a school and selective as Columbia, that’s going to be difficult- but not impossible. Follow this guide to get your college application in shape for a Columbia acceptance! What Should I Know About Columbia? If you’re reading this, you probably already know that people want to go to Columbia because it’s a prestigious college with a long and important history. It’s an Ivy League school, granting it a reputation of academic excellence; with a degree for Columbia on your resume and the connections you make there, you’ll have an edge in the job market. Columbia is also one of the most selective colleges in the United States. Only Harvard and Stanford have lower acceptance rates, so you’ll be competing for spots with some of the brightest minds in the country. Columbia students tend to major in STEM programs like Engineering or Computer Sciences, with around eight percent more students choosing a STEM degree as their first choice than choosing Arts, Humanities, or Social Science.But Columbia is also the alma mater of many prominent artistic figures- Kerouac, Ginsberg, Katherine Bigelow, Langston Hughes, and Art Garfunkel, to name a few. It’s ranked as the top college for English studies, second best for performing arts, and second for philosophy- despite enrolling slightly more STEM undergrads, Columbia is by no means exclusively a STEM-focused college. Its Arts and Social Sciences departments are highly regarded, and students shouldn’t feel like pursuing something other than a STEM field puts them at a disadvantage. Enrollment will be competitive no matter what, so if you want to go to Columbia, apply! Don't let fear of rejection stop you from applying! How Hard Is It to Get Into Columbia? Columbia’s low acceptance rate is part of why it’s such a prestigious school. If it was easy to get in, it wouldn’t carry so much academic and social clout! Reported rates vary from year to year, but you can be that the acceptance rate in a given year will be 6 percent or lower.For the class of 2022, Columbia reported an acceptance rate of 5.5 percent, so just about six students for every 100 applicants will receive a treasured acceptance letter. Because Columbia considers applications holistically, every part of the application matters. Good standardized test scores and an excellent grade point average are essential, but don’t make the mistake of assuming your chance of acceptance is based entirely on those two factors. What GPA and SAT/ACT Scores Do I Need to Get Into Columbia? Columbia is an Ivy League, so you need an excellent GPA and SAT/ACT score. Positive study habits and test preparation are a must. That said, don’t despair if your grades don’t quite match up with Columbia’s expectations. Again, they consider applications holistically; if you can explain your grades, demonstrate growth, and impress with extracurriculars, you still have a chance. Think of admissions to Columbia as a race. Some people may have worked on theoretical racing so much that they have little experience in actually running. Other racers have lots of experience in running, but lack the finesse of runners who’ve been coached by professionals. Any of those runners could conceivably win, but those with a mixture of both experience and theoretical knowledge will have an advantage. Essentially, don’t be afraid that poor grades in your sophomore year have ruined your chances forever. If you can prove that Columbia is truly the school for you, you still have a chance; you’ll just have some extra hurdles to jump! What's the Average SAT Score for Columbia Students? The average SAT score for Columbia students is between 1460 and 1550, making the college extremely competitive. Remember, this is an average- it’s not the only score you can have, as students who score about that will have a little extra boost, and students who score below that will have to demonstrate how well they’ll succeed elsewhere in the application. This is why it’s important to get started on SAT prep early. If your first score misses the mark, you can always try again. Spending some time prepping for the SAT will help you get closer to your score goal, and therefore closer to holding that coveted acceptance letter in your hand. If you want good scores, you'll have to study hard. What's the Average ACT Score for Columbia Students? Columbia is similarly selective with ACT scores. The average ACT score is 34, making Columbia University extremely competitive. As with SAT scores, it’s important to get started on preparing early. Don’t wait until junior or senior year to start thinking about your scores if you plan to attend Columbia- you’re up against some of the brightest minds in the world, so you need to lock in a good score through lots of studying and practice. Columbia reports their scores as between 33 and 35, so while you might have a little bit of wiggle room, a higher score is always better. Study like a perfect score is the only one that’ll get you in, but know that your test scores aren’t the only factor in your acceptance. What's the Average GPA for Columbia Students? Columbia'saverage GPA is a whopping 4.16.What this means is that you’ll need to be taking heavier weighted courses, typically AP or honors courses, to be competitive with other prospective Columbia students. Again, it’s not impossible to get in if you don’t have a GPA above 4.0- it also depends on if your school weights GPAs- but reaching for as high of scores as possibly certainly won’t hurt your chances. Study hard in your first couple years of high school to ensure that you’re prepared for the advanced courses you’ll need to push your GPA to a Columbia-approved level. Remember, your school may weight AP courses more, so a B in an AP course might mean more than an A in a standard course. Don’t despair if your grades aren’t perfect in AP courses, but do always strive for the best, and set yourself up for success. You simply can’t earn a 4.16 GPA if you’re not in AP courses, so plan to take them. Though Columbia doesn’t offer average GPAs for its acceptance rates, it does state that over 90 percent of its accepted students were in the top 10 percent of their class. Don’t take that to mean that being in the top 10 percent is enough- remember, 90 percent of the students you’re competing with are also in that same demographic. You need to excel and stand out. Because Columbia is holistic, everything counts. But one Ivy League college admissions officer has revealed a little secret- everything counts, but the most important thing to not do poorly on is your GPA. This is general advice for Ivy Leagues, not specifically Columbia, but don’t discount your GPA as a vital factor in getting accepted to Columbia. Having a distinct skill- like doing VR while riding a bike- sets you apart from other applicants. What Extracurriculars Should I Have to Get Into Columbia? Your competition is not necessarily every single student who applies to Columbia. Your competition is every student like you- students who have your GPA, your SAT score, your diversity of extracurriculars. So find a way to stand out from the pack; what areas do you excel in? And if you don’t excel now, what can you do to target your application to be less of a Renaissance applicant and more of a specialist? Consider the â€Å"spike† approach to applying to college. A variety of skills is great, but most applicants will also have good grades, test scores, and multiple extracurriculars. To stand out, you want something memorable- a spike in your well-roundedness. If you have an interest spike, an area where you particularly excel or that emphasizes your dedication to a certain field, you can tie much of your application to that spike and make your application more memorable. The essay section may be stressful, but it's also your best opportunity to shine. How to Answer Columbia's Essays Writing a good answer to the â€Å"Why Columbia† essay is essential. The admissions office already knows Columbia is a good school, so use this space to explain why it’s the right school for you and how you’ll contribute to the community there. Again, this is a great place to return to your spike to tie things together. Be sure to emphasize your own personal experience in your essay. Reading successful Columbia application essays is a great way to get a feel for what Columbia likes to see, and to better understand how personal details can change the entire feel of an essay. How to Answer Columbia's Supplemental Writing Questions Columbia’s further supplemental questions may seem unusual compared to other colleges; they ask about books you’ve read, concerts you’ve attended, and so on. Be honest, here- though your temptation might be to reach for the most sophisticated answers, this is an opportunity for the college to get to know you better. If your favorite concert of the year was indeed the obscure bassoon recital you attended, by all means, list it. But don’t write in the prestigious documentary du jour if you have no interest in watching it. That said, Hop on Pop is not a grade-appropriate choice, so do try to choose things that represent your interests and your age level. Should You Include Supplementary Material? Certain majors accept supplementary materials, such as some scientific fields, artistic disciplines, or performance-based majors. Students with research experience, you can include an abstract to flesh out your application. Students in the arts can include a portfolio, but should be aware that there is an additional fee- this fee can be waived, but Coalition Application students will need to email the school directly for a fee waiver. Good recommendation letters are a key part of how to get into Columbia. What Recommendation Letters Should You Have? Columbia requires three recommendation letters: one from a counselor, and two from teachers. Though Columbia does accept supplemental letters of recommendation, students should only do so if the source is academic and if the letter will add something new to your application. More isn't always better. Teachers, coaches, and other mentor figures are great options for letters of recommendation. Be sure that you’re setting your teachers up to write you a great letter by asking early and providing them with any information they might need. Take a look at letters that got students into Ivy League schools for the caliber of recommendations you should strive for. Take note of how these teachers write about personality as well as academics- select teachers who have the same knowledge of your personality and skills so they’re equipped to write about you with the same depth. Before you take out loans, apply for financial aid! What Should You Know About Applying for Financial Aid? Columbia takes a need-blind approach to processing applications from US citizens, undocumented students, and eligible non-US citizens. International students are processed as need-aware, meaning there may be some consideration of financial need while processing the application.Columbia meets 100 percent of student need and does so without loans. Students whose parents or guardians make under $60,000 annually are considered to have a $0 parental contribution, which will instead be made up with financial aid. Columbia has a helpful tool for students to determine what documentation and forms they'll need based on when they're applying, their citizenship status, and what year they're applying for. Use this early to be sure that you can get all your paperwork done ahead of time! Recap: How to Get Into Columbia University Applying to Ivy League schools like Columbia University can be incredibly stressful. You know you're up against the best, and setting yourself apart can feel like an insurmountable task. But you can do it. Start early. Think about what you want your application to look like before you start working on it, and take steps to prepare for the advanced courses, test scores, and extracurriculars you need. If you're already later in your academic career, change what you can now and start thinking about how you can address gaps in your personal statement. Read a ton. Stay on top of changes to the application, new prompts, and what's most advisable for students like you. Assuming all your grades are in order and your test results are on track, start preparing for your essays. Of course, the prompts may not be available yet- consult past and current essays and start thinking about how you'll answer similar questions. Create a spike. Remember, every other student applying to Columbia is also concerned about having great grades, AP courses, and test scores. If you're competing against the best of the best, you need to stand out. Instead of being well-rounded, develop a particular area of expertise, something that will set you apart from other students and really showcase what makes you unique. What’s Next? Learn more about what makes Columbia one of the most selective colleges in the United States, and how it compares to other selective schools. If you're applying to multiple Ivy Leagues, it's a good idea to know your chances at each! Columbia is one of the country's most selective schools. Even if you're only interested in Columbia, learning more about how to get into other selective schools, such as Harvard, can give you additional insight into how to polish up your application. Knowing the essay requirements is just the beginning. More in-depth reading about the topics and how to answer them will give you an even stronger shot at impressing the admissions office. Want to get into Columbia or your personal top choice college? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in.

Fly Guys Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fly Guys - Research Paper Example The author of the research paper "Fly Guys" analyses the operations of Fly Guys that fit excel and access operations. Both spreadsheets and databases are essential in the daily functions of many businesses including Aircraft operations. While it is not necessarily essential to select between databases and spreadsheets, they are frequently suited to diverse types of tasks. Comprehending the key diversities between excels and access is fundamental if one want to make the optimal use of either or both. Spreadsheets and databases share a number of features, but they comprise of different technologies (Smith 2015). Databases commonly involve an elevated level of the technical procedure. Both spreadsheets and databases provide a range of processing capabilities. Using these, an individual or organization can manipulate, arrange and filter statistics. Databases provide a greater variety of complexity in considering data exploitation, but this must be provided in SQL code or scripting format (Smith 2015). However, for fundamental data applications, spreadsheets offer users with a variety of automated capabilities, which are available to users who do not have a great deal technical experience. A number of data organization needs are only potential using databases, but wherever this is not the scenario; a worksheet may offer a more usable alternative. Access to a spreadsheet is at times imperfect to one individual at a time. With database organization systems, however, many people can acquire the same statistics set.

The Lute Player and Le Mezzetin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Lute Player and Le Mezzetin - Essay Example The essay "The Lute Player and Le Mezzetin" compares two paintings, â€Å"The Lute Player† and â€Å"Le Mezzetin†. Caravaggio painted The Lute Player for the Cardinal Francesco Maria Del Monte as part of family collection for the Del Monte estate. The madrigal text visible to the spectator is written in Franco-Flemish language, which must have been influenced by the preference of the patron. For a time, many experts were confounded about the authenticity of this painting after several copies surfaced. It was found that there were three Lute Player paintings, the one that came from the Del Monte Collection, the Hermitage and Badminton House versions. These painting all depicted a boy playing a lute as he sings a madrigal, a Baroque song, about love. Some details differ according to versions. For instance, the last two versions have flowers and fruits in them and the text in the madrigals are visible. The number of authentic copies is attributed to Caravaggio’s sty le of copying his own work, polishing or simply copying a replica. Often this results in better executed imagery in latter copies as the paintings have new elements added. The historical background of Le Mezzetin, on the other hand, is quite simple and brief. It was just one of Watteau’s paintings commissioned by his friend and patron, Jean de Jullienne. Hence, the painting or any artistic intentions and motivations must have been confined or intended for this fact. As some historical account revealed, Jullienne was an important part of Watteau’s life.

Detection of Attacks Executed by Multiple Users Dissertation

Detection of Attacks Executed by Multiple Users - Dissertation Example Some of these mass-users attacks are triggered by the big companies and manipulation of online items reputation can be hazardous for the customers. As a rule, well-known products are chosen for this type of attacks. For example, Amazon books, some hotels in travel sites, and a great number of digital content can be a fertile ground for mass-users attacks. Not only these vicious and hazardous attacks can be the greatest challenge of the electronic life, but still Netizens and other computer world dwellers are intimidated by mass-users attacks. Under conditions of this type of attacks, fraudulent users implement their well planned strategies and manipulate reputation of numerous target products. To consider these attacks and the ways of dealing with them, it is possible to apply a defense scheme that (1) develops heterogeneous thresholds for developing protection against suspicious products and (2) analyzes focus items on the basis of correlation analysis among suspicious items. Real u ser data and simulation data should be correlated and on the basis of such kind of correlation it is relevant to identify potential mass-user attackers. The given scheme shows the main advantages in finding out fraudulent users, recovering challenging errors in the systems, and reducing attacks related to normal products, sites etc. Â   The problem of attacks executed by multiple users is a complicated task and the modern researches are working in the name of these fraudulent groups identification. The main task of the modern researchers in this field is to apply advanced artificial intelligence and complex adaptive systems to stop, foresee and prevent distributed attacks of the network. Multiple attackers work together and very often it is difficult to foresee and prevent this type of an attack. Data Reduction Techniques is one of the most convenient means of preventing this type of attacks. IDS approaches are nowadays limited in a proper identification of relevant information in high-speed network data streams. The appropriate analysis of IDS enables taking control over such type of attacks. There is a need to conduct a dynamic and real-time control over current attacks. Relevant information can be processed and it can serve as an input vector to IDS. There is another challenge, which is a great variety of activity and processes occurring in the network environment to identify a subset of data that is very difficult for analysis. There is a suggestion to design an anomaly detection scheme for prevention of mass online attacks. This underlying scheme is based on several components integration: first is the importance of time-domain change detection, the second step is the importance of system-level visualization, the third are the selection of heterogeneous threshold and a conduct of a proper correlation analysis. Therefore, we can claim that for prevention and protecting computer systems from mass-users attacks it is necessary to pay attention to the new ph ilosophy. Currently existent schemes of attack prevention and protection are mainly based on homogenous correlation of items and the proposed scheme provides a much better performance in the process of malicious users' detection and reducing impacts on normal issues. Due to a wide range of activities and processes, the identification of fraud in a network environme

Explain how the Tourism Destination is served by Transportation Links Essay

Explain how the Tourism Destination is served by Transportation Links. Identify Key issues of best practice and limiting factors - Essay Example The paper will also include various theories of tourism and models and will analyze the type, options, range, volume, seasonality, availability and accessibility, and the relative costs of transportation in Hong Kong. Another key area will be examining the various key issues around the best factors as well as the limitations of the transport service in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Transport, Volume and Seasonality Hong Kong is one of the two administrative regions of the People’s Republic of China, working under the one government two systems arrangement (WTO., 2001). It is located on the South Coast of China and is in between the South China Sea and the Pearl River Delta (Beirman, 2003). Hong Kong is extensively known for its open skyline as well as the deep natural harbors. The city center is regarded for its modern architecture that has led to the city being branded as the most vertical city in the world. Despite being only 1104 km2, Honk Kong manages to attract huge numbers of tou rists per annum, making tourism one of the most notable sources of revenue for the region. Tourism in Hong Kong is managed by the Hong Kong Tourism Board (HKTB). Hong Kong has numerous tourist attraction facilities and each of its districts can almost be considered as viable tourist destination sites. Among the most visited locations in Hong Kong, include the Victoria peak, Victoria Harbor, and Ocean Park Hong Kong in the Island; the Hong Kong Art Museum, Clock Tower, and Avenue of Stars in New Kowloon among others (Ghai, 2000). According to statistics from the Hong Kong Tourism Management Board (HKTMB), Hong Kong receives about 20 million tourists per annum. A majority of the visitors to the city are mainly from The Mainland in China with a good percentage also coming from the neighboring countries in the Middle East and other parts of the world. Appendix A contains statistical graphs and charts showing an analysis of the visitors to Hong Kong from various parts of the world (Beirm an, 2003). The statistics show that Hong Kong is a major tourist destination in the world attracting lots of tourists in the past few years. In as much as Hong Kong is a major tourist destination, it also emerging as a major business hub on the global scene (Ghai, 2000). It is one of the primary global financial centers acknowledged for its capitalist economy renowned for its lower tax regimes and free trade. The Hong Kong dollar, the currency used in Hong Kong is also the eighth most traded currency in international trade. The Hong Kong government has put a lot of measures to manage the transport networks in the city in order to enable visitors to access the city and visit the various tourist attractions sites. The city has a wide range of transportation links ranging from air, water, road and rail transport (Ghai, 2000). Visitors can move around the city via light rail, minibuses, buses, trains, trams, ferries, and taxis. Each of these means of transport have their own systems of paying fares and often require one to buy tickets each time they travel to various destinations (Cooper, 2005). One can also buy the Octopus card, which is an electronic system of paying fare in public transport. The road transport consists of various options such as public

Research Methodologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research Methodologies - Essay Example The fundamental research aim around the proposal is to identify the major social and psychological challenges faced by adult ESL learners and how they come with these challenges. The study is meant to combine qualitative and quantitative research approaches in order to conduct an ontological and epistemological research. The qualitative section of the research will involve an attempt to identify the main challenges and issues that come with studying as an adult in an ESL programme. This will be done through the use of questionnaires, surveys and other activities to qualitatively provide some kind of insight into the main issues and problems that these persons encounter in their quest to learn English. The quantitative process will seek to gather data about the age and cultural background of learners and their performance. This will provide averages or regression as well as the correlation between learner backgrounds and their performance in the studying of English as ESL students. The study will include the collection of data from various students in the classroom who can be classified as â€Å"adults†. These individuals will be studied and the findings will be evaluated in the context of generalisability and this will form the basis for theorisation of findings. Learning is done through conceptual and linguistic constructions that describe social and cultural matters and systems (Hodkinson & MacLeod, 2010). This is because research and learning are two interrelated matters. Hence, they work together to provide concepts and theories in an appropriate framework. From the studies, qualitative research methods often comes with major problems and issues relating to bias and this causes conclusions to come under the shadow of the researcher’s opinion. Hence, the qualitative element and aspect of the research proposal being handled in this study might be influenced significantly by the subjective sentiments of the researcher.

Explain how the Tourism Destination is served by Transportation Links Essay

Explain how the Tourism Destination is served by Transportation Links. Identify Key issues of best practice and limiting factors - Essay Example The paper will also include various theories of tourism and models and will analyze the type, options, range, volume, seasonality, availability and accessibility, and the relative costs of transportation in Hong Kong. Another key area will be examining the various key issues around the best factors as well as the limitations of the transport service in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Transport, Volume and Seasonality Hong Kong is one of the two administrative regions of the People’s Republic of China, working under the one government two systems arrangement (WTO., 2001). It is located on the South Coast of China and is in between the South China Sea and the Pearl River Delta (Beirman, 2003). Hong Kong is extensively known for its open skyline as well as the deep natural harbors. The city center is regarded for its modern architecture that has led to the city being branded as the most vertical city in the world. Despite being only 1104 km2, Honk Kong manages to attract huge numbers of tou rists per annum, making tourism one of the most notable sources of revenue for the region. Tourism in Hong Kong is managed by the Hong Kong Tourism Board (HKTB). Hong Kong has numerous tourist attraction facilities and each of its districts can almost be considered as viable tourist destination sites. Among the most visited locations in Hong Kong, include the Victoria peak, Victoria Harbor, and Ocean Park Hong Kong in the Island; the Hong Kong Art Museum, Clock Tower, and Avenue of Stars in New Kowloon among others (Ghai, 2000). According to statistics from the Hong Kong Tourism Management Board (HKTMB), Hong Kong receives about 20 million tourists per annum. A majority of the visitors to the city are mainly from The Mainland in China with a good percentage also coming from the neighboring countries in the Middle East and other parts of the world. Appendix A contains statistical graphs and charts showing an analysis of the visitors to Hong Kong from various parts of the world (Beirm an, 2003). The statistics show that Hong Kong is a major tourist destination in the world attracting lots of tourists in the past few years. In as much as Hong Kong is a major tourist destination, it also emerging as a major business hub on the global scene (Ghai, 2000). It is one of the primary global financial centers acknowledged for its capitalist economy renowned for its lower tax regimes and free trade. The Hong Kong dollar, the currency used in Hong Kong is also the eighth most traded currency in international trade. The Hong Kong government has put a lot of measures to manage the transport networks in the city in order to enable visitors to access the city and visit the various tourist attractions sites. The city has a wide range of transportation links ranging from air, water, road and rail transport (Ghai, 2000). Visitors can move around the city via light rail, minibuses, buses, trains, trams, ferries, and taxis. Each of these means of transport have their own systems of paying fares and often require one to buy tickets each time they travel to various destinations (Cooper, 2005). One can also buy the Octopus card, which is an electronic system of paying fare in public transport. The road transport consists of various options such as public

Sikh youth in North America - kirpan-wearing and other legal Essay

Sikh youth in North America - kirpan-wearing and other legal - Essay Example One of the biggest hurdles for these immigrants to overcome has been and still is the toleration of religion. Many people do not understand a culture they have not grown up with. It has been no different for the Sikh people though they too are a monotheistic religion that primarily originated in India (Hawley & Mann 1). The people who practice Sikhism have been discriminated against simply for their beliefs and their traditional dress. In order for cultures to get along while living in the Western civilization, it has become essential for people to understand the Sikh traditions and Sikhism. It has been equally important for the Sikhs to understand the views of the rest of the world. Violence is essentially one of the main reasons that caused Sikhs to migrate. Their Golden Temple Shrine was invaded, people were assassinated, and there was a complete massacre of numerous Sikhs in Delhi, India. The Sikhs wanted to flee for a place of safety. Teachers and students of Sikhism have numerous struggles in order to stay true to their history and tradition, their written religious texts, the beliefs and practices of the religion, and the collective identity of the people as a whole (Hawley & Mann 1). In order for the Sikh to be introduced into academics and to introduce students to the culture and religion, some Sikhs may be stricter while others have become more westernized so life is easier for them. To completely teach the practices and the history behind Sikhism, to do so may be challenging. Hawley and Mann wrote â€Å"Studying the Sikhs: Issues for North America,† in 1993 in order for students and religion teachers to have a format to follow. This is like a guidebook to help lay out what the Sikhs believe, what their culture and history is and many other facts about their symbols and traditions. While the Sikhs have their own perspective, Mann represents the culture, providing

Stylolites - Greek Essay Example for Free

Stylolites Greek Essay Stylolites are irregular discontinuity or non structural fractures which are found in limestone plus other sedimentary rocks. Stylolites come from compaction and pressure solution during the process of diagenesis and it might be blown up by subsequent groundwater flow. Stylolites most of the time comes into view as uneven discontinuities in the outcrops along with hand samples and they are frequently lined up with clays which are quite impossible to solve, opaque and dim organic matter. The phrase stylolite originated right from the Greek for pillar, ‘stylo’ (Paul 19). A stylolite is not a structural fracture even though they have been described as a structure of anti crack whereby both sides are moving together instead of moving apart. Proof exists in the structure of fossiliferous limestones in which the fossils crosscut by a stylolite and it is said that only one of the half still exists. The other half has already been dissolved away. Stylolites in one way or the other might be an important geologic feature which affects the reservoir quality and most probably the reservoir management in a good number of carbonate reservoirs. Emaciated, discontinuous paved zones which are connected with stylolites take place in the massive, soaring porosity dolomites of the Upper Smackover at Jay/LEC Field and they are actually the source of horizontal baffles to perpendicular flow suspected ever since the early days of production in combination with the corroboration by full field reservoir performance studies. It is important for the thin, perpendicular flow baffles to match historical water flood arrivals in both full field plus a little area simulation modeling that led to the wide spreading re-examination of the core and recognition of these formerly undetected cemented zones connected with stylolites. Field wide conventional coring provides an outstanding foundation database for describing the physical nature, circulation of stylolites and the most related cements. In the ontong Java Plateau chalk sediments mechanical compaction actually causes a porosity decline from let us say 70% to 50% in the topmost 600 m. mudstones together with wackestones they tend to have comparable porosity for the reason that the wall cavity of the microfossils add up in the same way to pore-space and to the solid phase. The original pore filling cementation might be interconnected to the occurrence of the primary stylolites at approximately 830 m together with a decrease in massive sediment. Temperature is in the region of 20%C and valuable burial stress 6 MPa (Paris 79). Stylolites might derive in primary diffuse green bands which are enriched in smectite chlorite, most probably those of volcanic origin. The bands are replaced approximately below 490 m by supplementary distinct flaser structures that are enriched in smectite. The commencement of pressure dissolution consequently corresponds to an interval of diminishing mechanical compaction. Below 790 m the chalk consists of biogenic opal-A, nevertheless the opal-CT increasingly it takes over 790 m and most probably below 1130 m quartz becomes the only silica phase. This process coincides with the cementation frontage, beneath which depth pore-filling calcite cementation makes porosity to go down. Silica-Ca complexes in the pore water might not become stable when the high temperature and age cause quartz to turn out to be the most established silica phase. The pore filing cementation tends to load microfossils completely with the intention that textual differences are at the present clearly visible on the porosity log. The stylolite bears a chalk of the Gorm field, the Central North Sea, porosity is 20%-40%, lower than OJP chalk however it is higher than OJP limestone. The variation is reflecting cementation of microfossils while the matrix porosity is comparable to the OJP chalk. The variation between OJP and it is not possible to explain Gorm field chalk alone by the early introduction of hydrocarbons, which does not exactly give an explanation of the cementation of microfossils. Nevertheless, another cause might be the excessive pressure in the chalk of the Central North Sea whereby the percentage amongst the temperature and effective burial stress far above the ground. Silica most probably has the equilibrated to quartz before stylolites exhibited so that calcite cementation was not held back at all by the silica diagenesis (Bradbury 197). Stylolites were observed during the Hampovica-6 well and they have been shaped in a stress field which tends to act homogeneously in excess of a long period of time without reactivating older, pre-existing fracture systems. Alongside the strike, they tend to cut off all the planes of different discontinuities, bedding together with fractures from the axial plane. Through the aforementioned statement, it shows that the stylolites were created after the final tectonic configuration of the structure which was presently in the well. That is to say, the two sets of dissimilar deformations point towards the two events of the similar compression that is confined to a small area in the part of limestone of the aforementioned well only. The reality is that in the other rock samples which are examined from this well they originate from more shallow and deeper parts than this interval, neither the stylolitization nor the significant structural deformations have been clearly observed. Slight thoughtfulness is given to the interior structure of the stone. They have written very few about the influence of stylolites, a most important parameter, as a way which is used to choose an appropriate stone, to forecast its outcome on applications plus their performance thereafter, not to talk about using stylolites as a analytic tool already during prospecting for stone deposits. This disrespect resulted in defaults more especially within limestone slabs and strips with pre-existing discontinuities into the stone just similar to stylolites. Very similar it applies to installation defaults for instance the proper attachment and prevention of slabs breaking for the duration of processing, installation, or even after placing. In point of fact, litigations and complaints within the stone sector concern floor coverings which contains problematic stylolites associated with cutting with-the bed, tripping, slipping and tentative accidents. In some sense the industry can be held responsible for this state of affairs, from the lack of geotechnical awareness to stylolites during mining and prospection at the quarries. Attention taken to possible defaults gives the quarry owner or stone supplier knowledge with a good understanding of the deposit and eventually it ensures satisfaction to customers (Bradbury 213). As a matter of fact, stylolites are mainly found in so many rock types together with sandstones, to slighter extent igneous rocks plus other deposits metamorphosed to a variety of degrees. On the other hand, limestones and dolomites are used in building and construction which forms the major group affected by the presence of stylolites more especially the stones that are having higher pure calcareous content. The stylolitic limestones are important in ornamental and decorative uses, marketed as marble. At present the nation is using stylolitic limestone for business purposes. They are used for making ornaments. The behaviors of stone materials are traced to conditions throughout the origin of the rock and to the tectonic appearance of the rock mass. The quarry investigations and laboratory capacity have then to be associated with the limestone applications in building frontages or pavements. Even though the general mechanical properties might be accepted, the very natural properties which are foot printed during genesis or those that are caused by the historical tectonic discontinuities might at times let people down during or after the stone application. The earliest examination of the stone material for possible disorders actually prevents default. It needs the understanding of the stylolites, a structural examination of the quarry beds to search for discontinuities, to prevent excessive tectonic stylolites to smoothen the progress of commercial block extraction. It applies to figuring out cutting direction to decrease the stratigraphic stylolites rate (Dean 117). Conclusion Inconclusive negotiations about the origin and the formation of stylolites have always been and they are still going on for more than a century at present. It does not sound academic but an extensive literature is readily available on stylolites whereby petite attempt has been made in which data is applied to the dimension stone industry. Apart from the significance of stylolites for descriptive purposes, the compulsory petrograhic examination standards, vertical and stylolites might be used to show the quality of the stone, when the subject to dynamic loading is on floors or pavements. Finally, at present people notice the presence of stylolites in areas subjected to tectonic actions and observed facts must be accepted as fundamentally right. Works Cited Bradbury, H. Fluid flow in the crust: an example from a Pyrenean thrust ramp. American Journal of Science (288):1988, 197-235. Dean, S. Structural chronology. West Virginia: southeastern printers, 1988. Paris, B. Stylolites: Their Nature and Origin: Their Nature and Origin. India: Indiana University, 1921. Paul, D. Microdynamics Simulation. Georgia: Springer Publishers, 2008.

A Case Study Of The Food Company Nestle Marketing Essay

A Case Study Of The Food Company Nestle Marketing Essay With reference to the Nestle case study, provide one example which clearly illustrates a link between topics or concepts drawn from at least two pre-requisite modules. Nestle is one of the oldest of all multinational business. Nowadays, Nestle is one of the biggest food and nutrition companies in 86 countries in the world. (Hill, 2009 pp). Nestle was involved with a range of acquisitions in the last years in order to extend its line of products and try to expand on a geographical scale. Since its sales are reducing in developed markets, Nestle has the opportunity to expand business in up and coming countries, which is going to generate more profit for the company. Up and coming countries is one sector that Nestle is going to invest money in because it has the potential to be a strong and attractive market. Nestle feels confident in doing so because in such countries population economy and technology has experienced a rapid growth. (Datamonitor, 2006). Nestles long-term strategy is to identify the quickly expanding countries first and get into the market as soon as possible in order to take advantage of other competitors. However, it first has to hold the leading position in the developed markets where it is currently placed. Also Nestle has to hire local managers and staff in the developing markets that understand the local market dynamic and culture. As explained above there is a link between Nestlà ©s strategy and the Strategic management, because companies employ managers from respective countries in the local companies due to the fact that they understand the local market dynamics. By hiring local manager they can take advantage of the local knowledge and own culture of the country. FIGURE 1 Figure 1 Source: Own diagram It is a huge advantage that Nestle works with local managers in fast rising emerging countries. As a result, Nestle will have quick results which lead to quick profits. As we can see in FIGURE 1 above, Nestle is closely related to the Strategic management module because companies will have a range of research(reports) on fast growing countries. Therefore, they will have the ability to balance the services they are able to provide (food, cereals, coffee, chocolate, drinks, ice cream, etc) (Nestle 2011), with the price that customers are willing to pay. For example, if people cannot afford the Nestle products then they will not expand in such countries but focus their attention and invest in countries where people are able to buy their products. Also, Nestle is connected with methods of enquiry with Emerging markets. Companies will have less space to roam around and make decision considering that much of their movements are controlled by the market reaction. This means that emerging markets are countries with social or business activities in the process of rapid growth and industrialization. The Nestle case study as clearly explained above illustrates a good link with the Strategic Management/Methods of Enquiry and the Market dynamic/Emerging markets respectively. Does it make sense for Nestle to focus its growth efforts on emerging markets? Why? The recent financial crisis that reverberated throughout the globe was a clear indicator of the interdependence and the codependence that globalization has created while simultaneously making it clear to everyone that the emerging economies, especially those that make up BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) are more resilient than western economies, thus making them engines of growth that have helped the recovery effort in the last few years. Therefore from that point of view alone it can be stated that yes, Nestlà ©s strategy to focus its growth efforts in developing or emerging markets is indeed a sound one. However this does not mean that the ability of these markets to recover faster than the western economies should bebe sole reason for such a decision. Rather there are many more and varying reasons that need to be taken into consideration. The onset of globalization for one thing has helped uplift the living standards of many in China and India and millions of families have climbed out of poverty and are able to aspire to better life styles and a better standard of living, thus creating new markets companies like Nestle (Latshaw and Choi, 2002, pp. 27). Next as has been stated in the case study, the number of individuals who can be considered as middle class in these two economies alone will exceed 700 million in the coming decade, which is more than the entire population of 500 million in the European region or the 300 million in the United States, thus making this a very lucrative market for Nestle and one that needs to be exploited with immediate effect (Crook, Bratton, Street Ketchen, 2006, pp. 409 412). Besides the above Nestle as a multi national company has a decentralised structure and has often emphasised the need for attracting, recruiting and selecting host country nationals to be employed in its manufacturing plants across the world and this again is a very strategic and wise decision (Cesnovar, 2006, pp. 227 229). By decreasing unemployment rates, being socially responsible corporate citizen and helping to uplift the standard of living in these regions of the world, the company is earning the respect of the populatio n, which can soon be converted to public relations win, thus it can be stated that this strategy makes immense sense at the present time (Mclean, 2006, pp. 36). Last but not least it should also be stated that by gaining first mover advantage of providing basic food stuffs through which brand loyalty is created the company stands to gain much as most consumers will not switch to other brands but rather decide to stick with the trusted brand even when they are ready to move to the more upscale and upmarket products that are provided by the company (Gratton, Hailey, Stiles Truss, 1999). Therefore it can be stated that from every point of view, whether it is as a consumer products manufacturer or an employer, Nestle stands to gain much through this growth strategy of focusing on emerging markets. What is the companys strategy with regard to business development in emerging markets- Does this strategy make sense- From an organizational perspective, what is required for this strategy to work effectively? As is clear from the information that has been provided in the case study, Nestle uses a variety of different strategies to develop its business activities and markets in the emerging markets. While many maybe of the opinion that only one or two strategies should be used in order to ensure that synergies of scale are gained and that there is consistency across the operations, such a customization of strategy to meet the specific needs of an economy is highly commendable (Marshall, Smith Buxton, 2009, pp. 14 18). For instance in countries like India and China, Nestle has entered the market by providing low cost brand name basic food stuff like condensed milk and infant formula, in doing so the company has also located its manufacturing plants within the countries and the regions, employed host country nationals and helped uplift their living standards. Thus not only has the company provided them with a livelihood by employing them and purchasing local produce from local farmers and businessman, but in doing so has also created loyalty to its brand, which is something priceless (Karake-Shalhoub, 1999). As the living standards and the income levels of these individuals and entrepreneurs increase, they will no doubt continue to be loyal to the Nestle brand and purchase the more upscale and products that are sold by the company, when they are ready to move from basic food stuffs to more branded and upscale foods stuffs like cookies and chocolate. Likewise another strategy that is being used by the company is to enter markets like Nigeria and China and invest in basic infrastructure to ensure smooth distribution channels, while many may see this as a waste, in the long run, the company has gained a strong foothold in the marketplace, created job opportunities and further increased the visibility of its brand and thus increased entry barriers for the competition (Sims, 2003), thus it can be stated that this is indeed a very good business development strategy that is being followed by the company at the present time. From an organisational perspective for an a strategy to work effectively it is necessary to ensure that the strategy is developed in such a manner that it would fit the market needs and help the company to gain a comparative advantage (Oladunjoye Onyeaso, 2007, pp. 592 598). Based on everything that has been stated above and the manner in which Nestlà ©s is currently operating in China, India, Africa, the Middle East and Eastern Europe, it is clear that the company has adopted many different successful strategies that are helping it to gain a competitive edge in these markets while continuing to benefit from the first mover advantage that it has created for itself. Through research on NESTLE, identify appropriate performance indicators. Once you have gathered relevant data on these, undertake a performance analysis of the company over the last five years. What does the analysis tell you about the success or otherwise of the strategy adopted by the company? An analysis of Nestlà ©s performance indicates that the Company has been able to improve its performance over the years. The sales of the Company reached a record of US $73 billion, and growth in profits was 20.7% in 2005. In 2005, Europe amounted to 30% of sales, Americas 34%, and Asia, Oceania and Africa 17% of the sales. Nestle is aware that it need to adjust its offering if it is to reach its target of 5-6% growth per year. (Country Monitor, 2006). Public Image In a world that is becoming increasingly complex, consumer needs and wants continue to become more sophisticated on a daily basis. Unlike in the past when companies could simply mass produce and sell products to the end user, today, consumers are demanding more not only in terms of pricing and quality but also in terms of corporate social responsibility. Therefore it is necessary for Nestle to continuously monitor and manage its public image and it is also very important from a strategic perspective that the company is seen as a socially responsible corporate citizen (Niederhut-Bollmann Theuvsen, 2008, 63 68). Compared to many other multi national companies, Nestlà ©s has not earned the public ire for being irresponsible socially, however as the global slave trade for chocolate manufacturers comes to light it is essential that Nestlà ©s looks at ways and means to ensure that it is not ensnared in such a public relations nightmare. Sales Growth This is a very important performance indicators and should give the company a sense of its successes and failures in terms of strategy. Currently the company has been doing very well on this front and should carefully monitor the external and the internal environments for any factors that may pose a threat to its continued success in this area (Roberts, 2001, pp, 25 28). Following a growth strategy in emerging markets is actually a very good strategy that has paid off and continues to pay off, however this does not mean that the company can afford to be laid back on this score. Market Share By gaining first mover advantage the company has been able to gain and retain its market share through the years, however it is also necessary that the company continues to learn from its past mistakes in Japan and other countries, where it did not take the competition seriously and therefore has lost much in terms of market share that it could otherwise have gained (Odagiri, 1992). Blue Ocean Strategies As markets continue to mature and other markets continue to develop it is imperative that the company focuses its attention on research and development and creates blue oceans in order to find new markets (Gubman, 2004, pp. 13). This is something that Nestle is currently lagging at and needs to pay particular attention to with immediate effect. Based on everything that has been stated above it is therefore clear that while the company does excel in areas such as managing its public image and sales growth, there is much more improvement needed to be made in the search for innovative market strategies that will help force it to success in the future. How would you describe Nestlà ©s strategic posture at the corporate level; is it pursuing a global strategy, a multidomestic strategy an international strategy or a transnational strategy? Figure 2 Which Structure to Choose? Source: http://www.wiziq.com/tutorial/380-International-Strategy Illustrated above is a depiction of the different corporate level strategies that can be adopted by multi national companies the world over. Such strategy is often chosen on the degree of need for global integration and local market responsiveness (Kaplan and Norton, 2001, pp. 87). Based on the information that has been provided in the case study it is clear that Nestle is a company that need to gain a high level of local market responsiveness due to the variety of different business development related strategies that is pursuing in different parts of the world. For instance while in the Middle East it has entered the markets by building five different lines of products that it hopes will be distributed across the region as trade barriers fall, in countries like China and India, it is pursuing a different strategy of meeting the basic food needs of the population with items such as infant formula and condensed milk. It is the intention of the company in these markets that once stand ards of living increase, they can leave these Niche markets and provide consumers with more upscale and upmarket products like chocolates and cookies. Further it can also be stated that as a company with only 1% of its revenue being earned in the home country and 8000 different brands, global integration is a must (Lowson, 2002). Therefore it is the opinion of the writer that Nestle need to choose between the multi domestic strategy and a transnational strategy and not swing from one to another, because doing so would only result in the company loosing focus of its final aim, which is to be a global consumer food products leader (George, 2007, pp. 66 71). Based on the information that has been provided in the case study it is the opinion of the writer that Nestlà ©s should choose a transnational strategy because it balances both the global integration needs of the company and the local market responsiveness that is necessary to ensure that the companys products will be competitive and continue to meet the needs of the local population in the emerging markets that it is operating in (Marks, 2005, pp. 1). While many maybe of the op inion that the company should continue to pursue its multi domestic strategy as it has worked well for it in the past, the changing needs of the global environment and the development taking place in the emerging markets make it necessary to gain synergies of scale and global integration for the many brands that it has under its belt and therefore a transnational strategy is the best option for Nestlà ©s in the future (Barney and Hesterly, 2008). Does this overall strategic posture make sense given the markets and countries that Nestle participates in? Why? The overall strategic posture of Nestlà © makes a lot of sense given the fact that it is operating in virtually every country in the world, with a huge presence in the emerging markets. According to Hill (2006), that multidomestic strategy is appropriate in a market where the pressures for local responsiveness is very high and as a results the pressures for the cost reduction is low. Especially, pressures for local responsiveness can be very high in some productions, such as food, chocolates, dairy nutrition and etc. From the time when consumers have many national differences in tastes and preferences, distribution channels, competitive conditions, business practices, culture and government policies in the markets in which Nestlà © operates, therefore following a multidomestic strategy is beneficial for the Company. The difference in cultures and purchasing power (Prahalad et al, 1998) in the middle class population in emerging markets imply that in order for a first mover to gain advantage, it must be willing to adapt its product and offer in accordance with the needs of the local market. Figure 3 Source: http://www.docstoc.com/docs/5632428/Ethnocentric-Polycentric-Geocentric-Diagrams As stated in the previous section the overall strategy that is currently being followed by Nestles is one that focuses on local market responsiveness over global integration, which in effect results in a multi domestic strategy (Shackman, 2007, pp. 479 488). It is no doubt however that such a strategy has indeed helped the company to gain the level of success that it currently enjoys in emerging markets, and therefore can be considered as good. However we should always remember that strategies should promise equal or more success in the future as they do for the company today (Cabrera and Cabrera, 2003, pp. 41) and therefore reviewing the strategy from such an angle would work to the benefit of the company in the long run. The company currently follows a regiocentric attitude as is clear from the illustrations above, while it can be reiterated that this type of structure and strategy works to the advantage of the company, in the long run as the emerging markets being to mature and t he company continues on its mergers and acquisitions strategies to enter new markets in Eastern Europe, it will become essential that the company gains some level of global synergy and integration (Mcwilliams, Van Fleet, Wright, 2001, pp. 1). Therefore it is the recommendation of the writer that the company begins to embark on a transnational strategy with a Geocentric attitude, which will eventually help it to have a more global view with flexibility to make necessary changes at local level whenever and as frequently as needed (Donaldson OToole, 2002). Therefore in conclusion it can be stated that even though the current strategic posture makes sense, it needs to be reviewed and modified if the company is to continue to penetrate, gain and retain market share in the emerging economies as well as the developed economies the world over (Mockler, 1999). Is Nestles management structure and philosophy aligned with its overall strategic posture? The overall structure and the strategy of the company as stated previously and has been made clear to the reader throughout the case study, is that the company pursues a multi domestic strategy, due to the need to have a high responsiveness to the local market needs (Drejer, 2002). While this is impressive, the company goes further to also ensure that it is staffed by local nationals in the host countries and that power and authority is decentralised as much as possible, again indicating that the management structure is indeed very much aligned to its philosophy of local autonomy and its multi domestic strategy (Silverman, 2002). However instead of relying on the local managers alone, the company also has a pool of at least 700 expatriate managers who travel from one country to another ensuring that the local and regional strategies of the company are upheld and global integration is a possibility (Mintzberg Rose, 2003, pp. 270 277), while this may sound like a sound and often a wi se move on the part of the company, the fact that none of the regional international managers get involved in local level stratey design and the fact that none of the local level managers are involved in the global strategy design and development leaves a disconnect that can cost the company dearly in the long run and therefore it is necessary to take a close look at the integration of both and make changes wherever necessary (Betz, 2001). Based on everything that has been stated above, it is therefore the opinion of the writer that greater global integration is necessary as the company moves forward and hopes to retain its place as a market leader by gaining large shares of the market in emerging economies, which it has strived hard to build over the last few decades. In effect it is therefore necessary to ensure that there is high levels of global integration and simultaneously ensure that there is high levels of local market responsiveness as well (Lefkowith, 2001, pp. 20). As stated previously this is only possible if the company follows a transnational strategy and this strategy and philosophy should be made a possibility by changing the current management structure within the company to one that allows for regional managers to gain an understanding of local issues and challenges and vice versa. This will help the company to align its goals and objectives both on an international local level and thus be more integ rated in both spheres.

The electrolysis of copper sulphate solution and copper electrodes Essa

The electrolysis of copper sulphate solution and copper electrodes Introduction: For my GCSE Chemistry assessment I will be investigating the electrolysis of copper sulphate solution with the copper (ii) plates. Aim: My intention for this observation is to find out how the current has an effect on the mass of copper deposited in the electrolysis of copper sulphate and copper (ii) plates. Safety Precautions: In this investigation I will make sure that everything is as safe as possible and that there are no chances of accidents occurring. (1) I will wear safety glasses and a lab coat to avoid any danger. (2) I will tie my hair back, which will prevent any accidents from occurring. (3) I will keep the area around me clear to prevent any accidents from occurring. (4) Benches should be tucked under the table so that nobody trips over. (5) As copper sulphate indicates the symbol, which means toxic, I will be careful that it is kept away from my skin and I am not able to smell it. The reason for this is that it can cause death. (6) Copper sulphate will be placed in the tray at all times so that if it spills it will only spill in the tray. (7) I will not keep the power on more than 10 minutes, as keeping the power on for too long can change the resistance of the wire. (8) As the copper sulphate is dangerous I will wash my hands after each experiment. Apparatus: The apparatus that I require in this investigation is: (1) Measuring cylinder- This will be used to measure 150ml of the copper sulphate solution (2) Ammeter- This will be used to se how much current is flowing through the circuit (3) Stop watch- This will be used to time how long the practical will be on for. (4) Auto... ...lts: I know that this is a straight line graph and that the gradient is positive by looking at the graph. I can now interpret from this graph that this investigation matches the law of Michel Faraday, the first law that I mentioned in the scientific background knowledge is: The quantity of electricity passed is proportional to the amount of substance discharged at an electrode. This law infant matches my results that I have gained, I can now confidently say that the results that I obtained were accurate. As I increased the voltage and the current there was a larger mass in the cathode. Therefore this proves that my prediction which I made is correct: As the current increases the amount of copper deposited will also increase. In this electrolysis both the oxidation and reduction reactions have been used, the oxidation in the anode and the reduction in the cathode. The electrolysis of copper sulphate solution and copper electrodes Essa The electrolysis of copper sulphate solution and copper electrodes Introduction: For my GCSE Chemistry assessment I will be investigating the electrolysis of copper sulphate solution with the copper (ii) plates. Aim: My intention for this observation is to find out how the current has an effect on the mass of copper deposited in the electrolysis of copper sulphate and copper (ii) plates. Safety Precautions: In this investigation I will make sure that everything is as safe as possible and that there are no chances of accidents occurring. (1) I will wear safety glasses and a lab coat to avoid any danger. (2) I will tie my hair back, which will prevent any accidents from occurring. (3) I will keep the area around me clear to prevent any accidents from occurring. (4) Benches should be tucked under the table so that nobody trips over. (5) As copper sulphate indicates the symbol, which means toxic, I will be careful that it is kept away from my skin and I am not able to smell it. The reason for this is that it can cause death. (6) Copper sulphate will be placed in the tray at all times so that if it spills it will only spill in the tray. (7) I will not keep the power on more than 10 minutes, as keeping the power on for too long can change the resistance of the wire. (8) As the copper sulphate is dangerous I will wash my hands after each experiment. Apparatus: The apparatus that I require in this investigation is: (1) Measuring cylinder- This will be used to measure 150ml of the copper sulphate solution (2) Ammeter- This will be used to se how much current is flowing through the circuit (3) Stop watch- This will be used to time how long the practical will be on for. (4) Auto... ...lts: I know that this is a straight line graph and that the gradient is positive by looking at the graph. I can now interpret from this graph that this investigation matches the law of Michel Faraday, the first law that I mentioned in the scientific background knowledge is: The quantity of electricity passed is proportional to the amount of substance discharged at an electrode. This law infant matches my results that I have gained, I can now confidently say that the results that I obtained were accurate. As I increased the voltage and the current there was a larger mass in the cathode. Therefore this proves that my prediction which I made is correct: As the current increases the amount of copper deposited will also increase. In this electrolysis both the oxidation and reduction reactions have been used, the oxidation in the anode and the reduction in the cathode.